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Cameroon sits at the ecological heart of the Congo Basin and contains large tracts of tropical forest that provide global climate regulation, biodiversity habitat, and local livelihoods. Corporate activity in the forest landscape—ranging from logging and plantation agriculture to commodity sourcing and infrastructure development—has stimulated a range of corporate social responsibility (CSR) responses. These responses aim both to reduce negative environmental impacts and to support alternative, sustainable sources of local income. This article reviews the context, typologies of CSR interventions, documented cases and results, common challenges, and practical design principles for CSR programs that genuinely protect forests while strengthening community…

Guinea-Bissau’s shoreline and the Bijagós archipelago underpin local livelihoods, cultural traditions, biodiversity and nationwide food security. The sector is largely shaped by small-scale and artisanal fisheries, while marine and estuarine ecosystems remain essential sources of animal protein for coastal populations and a cornerstone of rural economies. Yet the country simultaneously confronts mounting pressure from industrial fleets, illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing, the degradation of vital habitats such as mangroves and limitations in governance capacity. Corporate social responsibility (CSR), when it aligns with effective fisheries management and community-driven priorities, can reinforce public and donor initiatives to conserve fish stocks, protect…